Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

An anxiety disorder developed after a confrontation with a traumatic event. The core features of PTSD are the persistence of intense, distressing, and fearfully avoided reactions to reminders of the triggering event, alteration of mood and cognition, a pervasive sense of imminent threat, disturbed sleep, and hypervigilance. PTSD belongs to a category, called “Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders”; avoidance has been added as one of the required “diagnostic clusters,” negative cognitions are highlighted, and an initial reaction of fear, horror, or helplessness does not define traumatic events.

Reference:

Shalev, A., Liberzon, I., & Marmar, C. (2017). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine, 376(25), 2459-2469. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1612499

Delrue, N., & Plagnol, A. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder in Alzheimer's disease. Counselling Psychology Review, 32(4), 58-69. https://www.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2017.32.4.58